NEW CONCEPTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS
Abstract
NEW CONCEPTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (Abstract): Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease, leading to respiratory failure. It has unknown causes, affects older adults, with a predilection for men, cigarette smokers, and it has a poor prognosis with a median survival time of approximately 2-3 years from diagnosis. Considering the rapid decline in lung function, this review brings into attention the importance of a multidisciplinary team for an early diagnosis. The methods for the assessment include spirometry which identifies restricted lung volume and impaired gas exchange, and imaging procedures. High-resolution computed tomography is the gold standard for the early diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, allowing treatment initiation on mild-to-moderate form. Surgical lung biopsy is required in about a third of cases, in the lack of definite usual interstitial pattern on high-resolution computed tomography. The procedure is limited by its complications and increase mortality rate. At present, there are two antifibrotic therapies available for a mild-to-moderate form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with positive effects on lung function but are not a cure. Other treatment options are lung transplant, pulmonary rehabilitation, stem cell therapy, and biotechnology. Mesenchymal stem cells could have protective effects, reducing inflammation and slowing fibrotic process. The review aims to illustrate the management of this rare disease and future directions for treatment research.
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