THE VALUE OF IMAGING INVESTIGATION IN DESIGNING OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BONE TISSUE DYNAMICS IN ORTHODONTIC MINI-IMPLANTS
Abstract
Background and aim: Mini-implants play an important role in orthodontic treatment. However, the mechanism of bone remodeling associated with these orthodontic devices is not yet fully elucidated. The research focusing on the dynamics of biological changes at the implant site frequently involves experimental animal models. Our study aims to evaluate, by imaging methods, the success rate of implantation process of orthodontic mini-implants, using an original experimental model for the study of tissue biological responses present at the bone – mini-implant interface. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on adult male Sprague Dawley rats divided into 9 groups of 6 rats (G1 – G9) in which two mini-implants were surgically implanted in the right tibia. Two rats in each group also acted as controls by inserting a mini-implant in the left tibia without force. After implantation, traction forces were applied between the two mini-implants with closed NiTi helical orthodontic springs. Springs were extended at 2.2 cm, generating a force of 100 gf (G1, G4, G7); at 1.4 cm, the force generated was 75 gf (G2, G5, G8); at 1.2 cm, the force generated was 50 gf (G3, G6, G9). Animals were sacrificed at 7 days (G1, G2, G3), 21 days (G4, G5, G6), and 42 days (G7, G8, G9) from implantation. On the day of harvesting, each rat was examined radiologically by Spectral AMI HTX, Spectral Instruments. Results: The overall mini-implant success rate was 94.1%. In 5.9% of the subjects, either distal implant fracture with spring detensioning or distal implant detachment was observed. In control mini-implants, without spring, the overall success rate was 100%. Conclusions: Imaging exams are valuable tools for analyzing bone remodeling, density, and in vivo structure of bone tissue. Our study confirms the effectiveness of imaging examination in verifying the stability of the implantation stage, as a mandatory step in the subsequent evaluation of morphological changes in peri-implant bone tissue.
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