FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF INSERTION ANGLE AND DIAMETER ON STRESS, STRAIN, AND DISPLACEMENT IN ORTHODONTIC MINI-IMPLANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22551/Abstract
Orthodontic mini-implants are widely used as temporary anchorage devices, and their clinical performance depends on biomechanical factors related to implant design and insertion technique. Materials and methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of an orthodontic mini-implant inserted into cortical and cancellous bone was developed. Three insertion angles relative to the cortical bone surface (60°, 90°, and 120°) and two mini-implant diameters (1.5 mm and 2.0 mm) were analyzed under standardized orthodontic loading conditions. Total displacement, equivalent von Mises stress, and equivalent linear strain were evaluated. Results: Higher insertion angles resulted in increased displacement and strain, with the highest values observed at 120°. Maximum von Mises stress values were comparable among different angles; however, stress distribution patterns and stress localization varied significantly. Mini-implants with a smaller diameter exhibited higher displacement and stress values, indicating reduced mechanical stiffness, while larger-diameter mini-implants demonstrated improved biomechanical performance. Conclusions: Both insertion angle and mini-implant diameter significantly influence the mechanical behavior of orthodontic mini-implants. Perpendicular insertion and increased implant diameter were associated with reduced deformation and more favorable stress distribution, suggesting improved primary stability and clinical performance.
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